The Littau-Conrad Spreadsheet (LC) offers a unique and systematic method for piano tuning. It’s designed so the technician can himself discover and address the characteristics of each instrument. This approach, rather than relying on some ETD’s software tuning alone, emphasizes accuracy, allowing the technician to achieve the optimal custom tuning for each individual piano.
Targeting A Notes Across the Keyboard
Central to the LC approach is the establishment of the specific tuning settings for every A on the piano. By defining these targets, as in aural tuning, technicians create a framework that guides the tuning process throughout the instrument.
Fine-Tuning the Midrange with Mini Targets
In addition to finding the settings for A4 and A3, the LC method incorporates what are called mini targets within the A2-A4 temperament range, specifically D3, E3, D4, and E4. These mid octave reference notes further refine the tuning and help define the shape of the tuning ‘curve’ in the midrange. The use of these mini targets helps to address the subtle nuances contained in the curve of the midrange of the piano, that affect the instrument’s sound.
The Tuning Process
The tuning begins with setting A4 to the standard pitch of A440. From this starting point, a combination of aural and electronic techniques are used to expand the tuning outwards, ensuring the rest of the tuning matches the piano’s individual characteristics.
The Role of Technician Expertise
While the LC Spreadsheet provides a clear direction and structure, the expertise and judgment of the technician remain essential. Their skill in interpreting the instrument’s response and making nuanced adjustments is vital for achieving the best possible tuning. As a result, the final tuning is customized, exceptionally precise and highly personalized for that piano.